Volume 25, Issue 2 (March-April 2026)
Payesh 2026, 25(2): 225-237 |
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Ethics code: IR.ACECR.USC.REC.1403.156
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Darvishi E, Demehri F, Kazemi F, Abooei A, shirkhoda S. Effectiveness of Emotion-Focused Parenting Intervention on Attachment Styles, Temperament, and Emotion Regulation in Children Aged Three to Six Years. Payesh 2026; 25 (2) :225-237
URL: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-2964-en.html
URL: http://payeshjournal.ir/article-1-2964-en.html
1- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
2- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational, Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
4- Department of psychiatry, Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
2- Department of Psychology and Education of Exceptional Children, Faculty of Psychology and Educational, Sciences, Allameh Tabataba'i University, Tehran, Iran
3- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
4- Department of psychiatry, Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Non-communicable Diseases Research Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
Abstract: (138 Views)
Objective(s): Emotion-focused interventions have recently gained attention as an effective approach to improve children's psychological health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of an emotion-focused parenting intervention on attachment styles, temperament, and emotion regulation in children aged three to six years.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of mothers of children aged three to six years who visited the health center in Bafq, Yazd. Thirty participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received emotion-focused parenting training. Data were collected using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Kaplan & Halpern, 2006), Temperament Questionnaire (Shields & Kiketi, 1995), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Malhotra et al., 1998). Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS-25 software.
Results: The mean age and standard deviation for the intervention and control groups were 33.80 ± 6.72 and 33.07 ± 4.87 years, respectively. The results indicated significant differences in posttest means between the intervention and control groups for attachment dimensions: positive adaptive development (P=0.001), negative behaviors (P=0.043), emotional reactions (P=0.001); temperament dimensions: sociability (P=0.001), arousability (P=0.001), attention (P=0.019), effort (P=0.005), rhythmicity (P=0.004); and emotion regulation dimensions: adaptive emotion regulation (P=0.001) and instability/negativity (P=0.001). No significant difference was found in the avoidance of caregiver support (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The emotion-focused parenting intervention proved effective in improving attachment styles, temperament, and emotion regulation in children. It can be utilized in educational and therapeutic programs for mothers and educators.
.
Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The sample consisted of mothers of children aged three to six years who visited the health center in Bafq, Yazd. Thirty participants were selected through convenience sampling and randomly assigned to intervention and control groups. The intervention group received emotion-focused parenting training. Data were collected using the Attachment Styles Questionnaire (Kaplan & Halpern, 2006), Temperament Questionnaire (Shields & Kiketi, 1995), and Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (Malhotra et al., 1998). Data analysis was conducted using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) with SPSS-25 software.
Results: The mean age and standard deviation for the intervention and control groups were 33.80 ± 6.72 and 33.07 ± 4.87 years, respectively. The results indicated significant differences in posttest means between the intervention and control groups for attachment dimensions: positive adaptive development (P=0.001), negative behaviors (P=0.043), emotional reactions (P=0.001); temperament dimensions: sociability (P=0.001), arousability (P=0.001), attention (P=0.019), effort (P=0.005), rhythmicity (P=0.004); and emotion regulation dimensions: adaptive emotion regulation (P=0.001) and instability/negativity (P=0.001). No significant difference was found in the avoidance of caregiver support (P>0.05).
Conclusion: The emotion-focused parenting intervention proved effective in improving attachment styles, temperament, and emotion regulation in children. It can be utilized in educational and therapeutic programs for mothers and educators.
.
Keywords: Emotion-Focused Therapy, Parenting, Attachment Styles, Temperament, Emotion Regulation, Children
type of study: Quazi Experimental |
Subject:
Public Health
Received: 2025/08/2 | Accepted: 2025/12/21 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/04/4 | Published: 2026/04/21
Received: 2025/08/2 | Accepted: 2025/12/21 | ePublished ahead of print: 2026/04/4 | Published: 2026/04/21
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