Showing 20 results for Iron
Veghari G, Farajollahi M,
Volume 2, Issue 1 (1-2003)
Abstract
Objective(s): To compare anemia status between pregnant and non-pregnant women living in Gorgan villages.
Material & Methods: This was a descriptive study. For the study purposes, 4 I 5 women aged between 18
and 35 from 20 Gorgan villages were entered into the study using cluster and simple sampling method. In all, 48 pregnant and 361 non-pregnant women were compared. After sampling, hematological examinations were carried out by Coulter Counter. Serum iron and TIBC were determined using spectrometry. In pregnant women serum iron, Hgb and T.S. less than 30 micg/dl, I lg/di and 16% respectively, but in non-pregnant women they were considered as anemic if the serum iron, Hgb and T.S. were less than 40 micg/dl, 12g/dl and 16% was regarded as anemia respectively.
Results: In pregnant women, the prevalence of anemia on the basis of serum, T.S. and Hgb was 24.2%,
42.4% and 18.2% respectively, but in non- pregnant women this was 21.2%, 34.55% and 20.98% respectively. There was no significant difference between two groups (P>0.05). However, there was a significant difference between the number of last deliveries and serum T.S (P<0.03). The mean of MCV, CMH and MCHC during 2nd stages of pregnancy was less than 1st and 3rd or non- pregnant women. Conclusion: The results showed although there was no significant difference between pregnant and non-pregnant women, anemia is one of the nutritional problems in women in rural Gorgan, so supplementary iron has to be administered during pregnancy period.
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Volume 2, Issue 4 (10-2003)
Abstract
Objective(s): To determine iron intake, blood indices and some dietary components that affect the iron situation among adolescent girls.
Material & Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 336 adolescent girls. Iron intake and some effective components in diet were measured with 3 days 24 hour recall and food frequency questionnaire and blood indices determined with IO cc sample of blood using CBC and serum ferritin.
Results: The results indicated that the mean iron intake and blood indices of iron deficiency anemia were in acceptable ranges (19.6 ± 7.8, 19.0 ± 4.6) respectively. Although there were some inhibiting factors such as phytate and tea consumption for iron absorption but the effect of increased absorption factors such as vegetables and fruits and meat intakes were more effective.
Conclusion: The situation of anemia among adolescent in this study was found to be better than the other studies in the country. Although the study subjects had good habits and behaviors in their daily food intake but planning educational programs is recommended.
Sotodeh G, Faghani Jadidi N, Dabiran S, , Ghasemi F,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (10-2005)
Abstract
Objective(s): To examine knowledge and practice of female students about function, dietary sources, effective factors on iron absorption, causes and symptoms of iron deficiency.
Methods: In a cross-sectional study 500 female students were selected by random sampling from high schools of district 6 in Tehran. Data were collected by a self-administered questionnaire including items on general knowledge and practice about dietary iron.
Results: The knowledge scores of students about dietary iron were low.
The association between knowledge scores and students' grade, field of study and previous year's credit were significantly different (P<0.05).
In addition, the practice scores of student were acceptable and were significantly related to previous year's credit and field of study (P<0.05).
Inappropriate nutritional practices such as yogurt, soft drinks and tea consumption with meal or close to it were common in 17-65% of students.
Conclusion: The knowledge scores of female students in high schools of district 6 in Tehran about dietary iron were low. Moreover, inappropriate nutritional practices were common in many students, which in tum influence iron bioavailability.
Sadighi J, Sheikholeslam R, Mohammad K, Pouraram H, Abdollahi Z, Samadpour S, Kolahdooz F, Naghavi M,
Volume 4, Issue 4 (10-2005)
Abstract
Objective(s): Iron deficiency anemia is one of the common nutritional problems in Iran. Therefore, the flour fortification with iron program was launched on May 2001, and mid-term evaluation conducted after
3 years (2004), focusing on effectiveness and coverage of the program.
Methods: Two studies have been designed: Study 1: A field trial to determine effectiveness of the program. Locations of the study were the Bushehr province (intervention group) and three districts of Fars province (control group). Target populations were women aged 15-49 years. For all women, blood samples were taken to measure hemoglobin and ferritin. In addition, data were collected on potential confounding variables and adjustments were made using a logistic regression model. Study 2: A cross sectional study to determine program coverage in Bushehr province. In this study, we measured the iron in samples of bread consumed by households and also iron content of the flour in bakeries.
Results: The results of this study showed that the coverage of fortified flour was 100% and the coverage of fortified bread at households' level was 99.7% in Bushehr province. A total of 863 women (567 women in Bushehr province and 296 women in Fars) entered into the effectiveness study. The fortification program decreased the prevalence of low ferritin and iron deficiency anemia (low hemoglobin and low ferritin) among women. There were no significant changes in mean hemoglobin or in the prevalence of low hemoglobin.
Conclusion: The findings of the mid-term evaluation of the flour fortification program in Iran demonstrated that the iron fortification program has beneficial effects. Flour fortification alone will not prevent iron deficiency anemia but it is an important component of a public health strategy. Therefore, more time and information are needed for interpreting the current trends in anemia indicators.
Nouri J., Mahvi A.h., Asgari A.r., Atafar Z.,
Volume 7, Issue 2 (4-2008)
Abstract
Objective(s): The purpose of this study was to determine the types of waste produced by the research laboratories of the Department of Environmental Engineering at Tehran University of Medical Sciences and to assess the environmental impact of these waste products.
Methods: In order to determine the environmental impact, parameters such as wastewater quantity and quality, solid waste production, noise, particulate matter (PM<sub>1</sub>, PM<sub>10</sub>, PM<sub>25</sub>), heat, light as well as the probability of occurrence and significance of impact were monitored in 2006.
Results: These parameters were selected for monitoring and analysis of various laboratory types such as chemical, microbiologic and pilot laboratories and those dealing with air pollution. We first classified the environmental effects as those of very high, high, moderate, and low significance. It then emerged that overall, chemical and sewage laboratories were posing a greater environmental danger because they produced three waste materials that have very significant environmental effects.
Conclusion: We suggest that the chemical laboratory should be monitored constantly due to its higher rate of hazardous waste production and safety precautions should be put in place to protect staff and students.
Fariba Koohdani, Masoomeh Rezaie, Soheila Dabiran, Farahnaz Khaje Nasiri, Shahla Khosravi,
Volume 10, Issue 1 (1-2011)
Abstract
Objective(s): The present study was performed to determine relationship between maternal nutrition status and infants' birth weight. Maternal nutrition status was assessed by pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), weight gain, intake of iron and folic acid supplements during pregnancy.
Methods: This case-control study was included 46 cases (women who had delivered low birth weight infants) and 92 controls (women who had delivered infants with more than 2500 gr). They were selected from population who received prenatal cares from health care centers in south of Tehran. Data were collected from present documents in the centers and completed by telephone interviewing. Then data were analyzed in spss13 by t-test or χ2. Crude odd ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.
Results: There was no difference between maternal jobs, age, parity, birth interval, and delivery type in case and control groups. Weight gain (P<0.001) and intake of iron supplement (P<0.05) were less in cases as compared with control group. Weight gain during pregnancy was found to reduce risk factors for delivery LBW infants (OR=3.77, %95 CI: 1.7-8.1).
Conclusion: Suitable weigh gain and intake of iron supplement decrease the risk of low birth weight infants.
Batool Karimi, Fahimeh Karimi, Raheb Ghorbani,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (8-2014)
Abstract
Objective (s): Iron deficiency is one of the most common nutritional disorders in pregnant women. Adequate iron intake during pregnancy is critical for maternal and fetal health and because of this, Iron supplementation is recommended during pregnancy. This study evaluates the intake of supplement in pregnant women in Semnan, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in health centers of Semnan, in which 400 pregnant in the second half of their pregnancy were randomly selected and studied. The evaluation included starting time and the consumption of Iron. The favorable time for iron prescription was considered as 4th month or the beginning of 16th week of pregnancy. Besides, by appropriate intake of iron, we address taking the supplement during the week before the study commences.
Results: 53.5% of the participants were considered in a good condition considering the time span they started taking the iron supplement and 85.3% of them consumed the supplement during the week before tests. There was a significant relationship between the knowledge of iron consumption and appropriate intake (P<0.05). In addition, the time to start consuming the supplement was related to the history of anemia (P=0.027), as well as husband’s job (employed P=0.043, worker P=0.011, self-employmed P=0.030). On the other hand, there was no significant association between taking the supplement and mothers’ age, literacy, husbands’ literacy, mothers’ job, number of children, nationality and the frequency of referring to health centers. Furthermore, the main reason of missing supplement intake was forgetfulness (45.6%).
Conclusion: The findings showed that a great percent of pregnant women do not have a desirable condition in case of taking the supplement and especially the time span of beginning to intake. As a solution to this problem, we suggest educating women about the necessity of using supplements, providing an easy access to supplements, organizing practical sessions with help of mothers and reminding them to consume the supplements at each visit in health centers for mothers especially those with anemia.
Sepideh Omidvari,
Volume 13, Issue 4 (8-2014)
Abstract
Objective (s): The potential adverse effect of satellite jamming, as an environmental factor on people’s health has been a question and a cause of concern in recent years. This article is aimed to shade light on some scientific and practical aspects of the topic.
Methods: In view of the nature of the question, scientific sources regarding how to investigate causal relationship between an exposure and health damage and related research principles were examined.
Results: The necessity for safety of the exposures, the type of studies required to answer the question, the principles that should be considered, doing scientifically accepted studies on the subject and existing problems, diversity of potential outcomes, the possibility that some outcomes being neglected, necessity of the exposure, the scope of the exposure, the duration and intensity of the exposure, the age of those who are exposed, and the need to comply with the principles of research ethics concerning exposures and related studies are discussed.
Conclusion: There is need to provide evidence for the "safety" of satellite jamming. Otherwise deciding to continue satellite jamming might have severe adverse effect on people’s health.
Zahra Naghizadeh, Jalil Kuhpayezadeh, Seyyed Kamran Soltani Arabshahi, Shoaleh Bigdeli, Gholamreza Javid, Mahmoud Tavousi, Maryam Mousavi,
Volume 13, Issue 5 (10-2014)
Abstract
Objective (s): The aim of this study was to assess educational environments of outpatient clinics in teaching hospitals affiliated to a medical university in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed in four clinics (internal medicine, gynecology, pediatric and surgery) of teaching hospitals by an ACLEEM questionnaire. Data were analyzed by performing correlation, t-test, and ANOV.
Results: In all 157 residents participated in the study. The total means score was 110.9 out of 200 indicating that residents were positive (according the interpretation guide of the ACLEEM). There were significant differences between male and female residents on information, communication and technology domain scores. In addition we found that there were significant differences among teaching hospitals on 4 domains: Quality of Clinical Teachers, Protected Time for Non-Clinical Activities, Information, Communication & technology, and Clinical supervision.
Conclusion: The overall results showed that residents were positive about teaching environment. Thus, it is recommended that the focus in teaching hospitals should be on factors that make positive influence on residents’ evaluation.
Jila Sadighi, Katayoun Jahangiri, Azita Goshtasebi, Rahele Rostami,
Volume 14, Issue 3 (6-2015)
Abstract
Objective: Anemia is the most common health problem, which affects a considerable number of world populations. Iron deficiency is responsible for more than 50% of all cases of anemia. Food fortification is an important strategy for improving the nutritional situation of populations and has been implemented in few countries for many years. Flour has been offered as a suitable food vehicle for fortification with iron. Fortification of staple foods such as flour must be subjected to evaluation to demonstrate whether or not fortification has been effective.
Methods: We performed a systematic review of the literature by searching the electronic databases of Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (CDSR), Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE), PubMed, Clinicaltrials.gov, WHOLIS, SID and Google scholar. We also screened reference lists manually. We searched literature published up to December 2013 for English language literatures and up to 1392 for Persian language literatures to identify studies describing the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron. The selection criteria were trials of flour fortification with iron that assessed effects on hemoglobin, serum ferritin and prevalence of anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
Results: In all 44 papers were included in this review. In general three types of studies were identified. (i): Data from 20 trials showed that flour fortification with iron resulted in a significant improvements in all iron status indicators. These trials were conducted in Uzbekistan, India, Brazil, China, Brazil, Kenya, Vietnam, Zambia, South Africa, Chile and Australia. (ii): Twenty-four trials categorized as moderately efficacious. The trial was considered to be “moderately efficacious” if some iron related parameters improved significantly. These trials were conducted in Iran, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, Kenya, Kuwait, Bangladesh, Argentina, Venezuela, Sri Lanka, Morocco, Zambia, China and South Africa. (iii): There were no significant changes in iron related indicators in 28 trials. These trials were conducted in United States, Brazil, Bangladesh, China, Brazil, Thailand, Sri Lanka, South Africa, Kuwait, Argentina, Morocco, Ivory Coast and England.
Conclusions: The findings were contradictory on the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron in different countries. A meta-analysis of the studies is recommended to identify the overall effect of flour fortification on anemia and iron deficiency.
Parisa Karami Ajdari, Afsoon Aeenparast, Iravan Masoudi Asl,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (10-2017)
Abstract
Objective (s): Burnout syndrome in workplace as a result of stress full job conditions such as nursing is evident and can be a serious threat to health of nurses and decrease the quality of healthcare. The aim of this study was to assess burnout among nurses in selected hospitals of Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study. Two hindered and twenty eight nurses were selected from a children's hospital, a general hospital, a psychiatric hospital and a dermatology hospital. All hospitals were selected randomly. Data collected by a questionnaire.
Results: The results showed that the mean burnout score among nurses in hospitals was 1.99. The mean score for emotional exhaustion was 2.26, for depersonalization was 1.44, and for personal accomplishment was 2.02. The study findings indicated that more educated nurses (p=0.004), less experienced nurses (p= 0.04), unofficial and contractual employment (p= 0.004) and working in psychiatric hospital (p= 0.012) increased the risk of burnout syndrome in nurses.
Conclusion: The burnout among nurses was not high, but the need for more attention to those who were at greater risk seems necessary.
Ali Hajiketabi, Atefeh Zolfaghari, Kobra Goodarzi, Ali Reza Akhondi,
Volume 16, Issue 5 (10-2017)
Abstract
Objective (s): Looking at previous studies we find that many factors are involved in the success of spin-offs. This study focuses on one of these factors and to identify the environmental factors affecting the success of spin-offs in the field of Medical Sciences was performed.
Methods: This was a qualitative study. Dat was collected via literature review and interview with selected experts from medical spin-off companies affilated to the Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR). The data was analyzed using the Atlas-t software.
Results: In all 6 components and 46 concepts were identified for successful spin-offs. The 6 extracted factors included: market, supports of spin-offs, government, parent organization (ACECR), suitable business environment and geographical location.
Conclusion: Several factors are needed for successful medical spin-off companies.
Jila Sadighi, Saharnaz Nedjat, Rahele Rostami,
Volume 16, Issue 6 (12-2017)
Abstract
Objective (s): Food fortification is one of public health strategies to prevent and control anemia and iron deficiency. Flour fortification with iron and folic acid launched in 2001 in Iran. Thus the present meta-analysis conducted to assess the impact of flour fortification on hemoglobin, serum ferritin, anemia, iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia.
Methods:
We searched English and Persian databases up to December 2013 to identify relevant studies. Quality assessment was conducted according to the EPOC (Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care) statement. Meta-analysis was carried out using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis version2 software. Random effects model was used due to the heterogeneity between the studies. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis performed using CMA-2. Begg and Mazumdar’ Rank Correlation Test and Egger’s linear regression were adopted to test the possible publication bias.
Results:
A total of 42 articles (consisted 80 trials) were included in the study. Meta-analysis of “before-after studies” showed that flour fortification with iron resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin levels (0.342 g/dl; 95% CI: 0.216 ~ 0.416, p<0.001) and serum ferritin levels (3.997 ng/ml; 95% CI: 1.782 ~ 6.213, p<0.001) and a reduced prevalence of anemia (-0.058; 95% CI: - 0.097 ~ - 0.018, p=0.005) and prevalence of iron deficiency (-0.073; 95% CI: - 0.114 ~ - 0.032, p=0.001) and no effect on iron deficiency anemia. Meta-analysis of “controlled trials” showed that flour fortification with iron resulted in a significant increase in hemoglobin levels (0.313 g/dl; 95% CI: 0.146 ~ 0.480, p<0.001) and serum ferritin levels (8.470 ng/ml; 95% CI: 6.694 ~ 10.246, p<0.001) and a reduced prevalence of anemia (-0.075; 95% CI: - 0.123 ~ - 0.027, p=0.002) and no effect on iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia. Subgroups analysis indicated that the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron was reported more often in the before and after studies in "low quality" articles than in the controlled trials in "high quality" articles. Meanwhile, the use of NaFeEDTA was the most important factor in the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron.
Conclusion:
The present meta-analysis provided evidence of the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron for improving hemoglobin and ferritin levels and reducing the risk of anemia. However, evidence of effectiveness for reducing the risk of iron deficiency was limited and there was no effect on iron deficiency anemia. It should be considered that controlled trials have provided more valuable results than before and after studies, and also chemical compound of iron was found to be an important factor in the effectiveness of flour fortification with iron.
Mahdieh Asadi, Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh, Sajad Mazloomi, Zeinab Ghazanfari,
Volume 17, Issue 6 (12-2018)
Abstract
Objective (s): The present study aimed to investigate on knowledge, attitudes and responsible environmental behaviors among female secondary school students
Methods: This was a descriptive study of a sample of students in Ilam in 2016. Students were selected using cluster sampling and entered into the study at all three grades of secondary school. Data was collected by a self-designed questionnaire. The environmental status of school was also assessed by the observations. Data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics (including chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient, and regression).
Results: In all 330 female students were entered into the study. The mean scores were 10.3 ± 2.8, 73.6 ± 11.1 and 45.9± 14.8 for knowledge, attitude, and behavior respectively. There was a significant correlation between knowledge-attitude, and attitude-environmental behaviors. The results of regression analysis showed that attitude (P < 0.001), income (P = 0.033) and school grade (P = 0.028) were associated with environmental behavior.
Conclusion: The findings indicated that attitude and students’ social class are important factors in responsible environmental behaviors.
Abolfazl Etebarian Khorasgani, Atefeh Ghanbari Khanghah, Sajad Mirhasani, Seyed Hamid Sharif Nia,
Volume 19, Issue 5 (10-2020)
Abstract
Objective (s): Body mass index (BMI) is one of the major contributors to the spread of non-communicable diseases that it is affected by various factors such as demographic variables and living environment. The aim of this study was to investigate body mass index and its predictors in Rash, Iran.
Methods: This was a cross sectional study that performed on 1,000 residents of 5 neighborhoods in Rasht, 2017. Data were collected using a questionnaire including residents’ characteristics and living environment indicators derived from the Foxton and Jones Social Capital questionnaire. Every participants’ height and weight were measured. Simple and multivariate linear regression using SPSS v.20 was used for data analysis.
Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the study population was %55.5 and the results showed that age (B = -0.031, P <0.023), not having children (B = -2.466, P <0.001), not having non-communicable diseases (B = -1.016, P<0.003) and duration of residence in residential environment (B = 0.172, P<0.040) were independent predictors of BMI increasing.
Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of obesity and overweight in different age groups, identifying predictive factors in populations with different culture is very important. Indeed, preventive steps should be taken in health's macro policymaking.
Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Reza Dehnavieh, Khalil Kalavani,
Volume 20, Issue 5 (10-2021)
Abstract
No abstract available
(Letter to editor)
Seyede Fereshteh Ehsani Oskouei, Zinat Aminifar, Jamal-E-Din Mahdinejad, Hamidreza Azemati,
Volume 20, Issue 6 (12-2021)
Abstract
Objective (s): This research aimed to identify residential environment’s characteristics, which are important how to adapt to new quarantine lifestyle.
Methods: This was a cross section study. A sample of 813 individuals answered to an online questionnaire distributed on social media. The data were analyzed based on descriptive statistics, and a machine learning method named decision tree model.
Results: Most of changes made by the residents have been applied in bedroom, living room, reception room, balcony and entrances. The satisfaction with the responsibility of house to quarantine conditions, used spaces and activities performed during the quarantine, color variety and the predominant color of the house, the possibility of exercising at house, and the type of house during the quarantine period were the most important characteristics that contributed to residents' adaptability with quarantine.
Conclusion: House environmental conditions affect the level of adaptation of people to quarantine. Flexible living environments that might allow the residents to interact with each other could be more successful in helping people to adapt with confinement. In order to improve the adaption, the possibility of exercising at house, communication with nature and smart use of colors in indoor spaces and household density should be receive more attention.
Marziyeh Faghiholislam, Hamid Reza Azemati, Hadi Keshmiri,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2022)
Abstract
Objective(s): Man needs a space that protects him from the effects of the environment. This space includes physical, social and psychological aspects, and the proper design of the physical environment inpatients should be inspiring and spirit-giving to greatly affect the reduction of patients' depression. The purpose of this research was to provide a model for designing inpatient spaces based on reducing patients' depression.
Methods: This was a mixed methods study (quantitative-qualitative) which was completed in June 2021. The extraction of factors in reducing depression derived from the following sources. 1. The literature review, 2. Experts’ opinion, and 3. A user survey and distribution of a questionnaire among 205 hospitalized patients. Then a path analysis was performed to suggest a model using AMOS software, and the relationships between factors, fit indices and were determined.
Results: Seven main factors on reducing depression in the design of inpatient spaces were found and included: visual perception, naturalism, functionalism, physical safety, logical process, psychological safety, and diversity from the highest to the lowest. As such visual perception showed the highest direct and indirect effects.
Conclusion: The findings suggest that considering the factors indicated by this study might lead to the reduction of patients’ depression in inpatient spaces.
Matin Gorgij, Mahdi Shahraki,
Volume 21, Issue 6 (12-2022)
Abstract
Objective (s): Financial development is an important factor in economic growth and health. It not only directly but also indirectly affects the health status through the quality of the environment; Therefore, this study aimed to determine the impact of financial development and environmental quality on health status in MENA member countries.
Methods: A descriptive study was performed at international level for the MENA member countries. The panel data for the years 1990-2019 was extracted from the World Bank databases. Im, Pesaran and Shin (IPS) and Levin, Lin, and Chu (LLC) tests for stationary; Pedroni and Kao tests for co-integration and Fully Modified Ordinary Least Squares (FMOLS) and Dynamic Least Squares (DOLS) estimators were used to analyze the data using the Eviews 10 software.
Results: The mean (SD) life expectancy was 71.5 (5.05) years and the mean (SD) financial development index and carbon dioxide were 39.82 (25.09) and 81.91 (21.47) in the sample countries, respectively. The logarithm of financial development coefficient on logarithm of life expectancy in FMOLS and DOLS methods was equal to 0.02 and 0.03, respectively, and the logarithm of carbon dioxide coefficient in FMOLS and DOLS methods was -0.03 and -0.002, respectively. The logarithm of globalization in both methods had an effect coefficient of 0.30 on logarithm of life expectancy.
Conclusion: The expansion of financial development, globalization and GDP per capita had a positive effect and the increasing of carbon dioxide had a negative impact on health status. Therefore, policies to reduce environmental pollution and expand financial development and globalization seem necessary. In this regard, limiting the use of fossil fuels, replacing renewable energy, the use of air quality measuring instruments are proposed. It is also proposed to expand financial development in infrastructure, industries and technological services in the health sector and appropriate incentives for private sector investment.
Jafar Sadegh Tabrizi, Zahra Mohammadi, Masoumeh Ebrahimi Tavani, Ali Heidari Roochi, Farid Gharibi,
Volume 23, Issue 1 (2-2024)
Abstract
Objective(s): The healthcare environment should provide the highest level of safety for staff and clients. This study aimed to assess the structural and non-structural safety status of Tabriz primary health care centers.
Methods: This cross-sectional study assessed 40 comprehensive healthcare centers in Tabriz, Iran in 2019. The data collection instrument was a self-designed questionnaire We assessed the compliance of comprehensive healthcare centers with the standards checklist through conducting interviews, considering observations, and reviewing the documents. The descriptive results for qualitative data were reported as frequency (percentage) and for quantitative data as mean (standard deviation). Furthermore, to evaluate the association between contextual variables and physical safety status of centers, t-test, ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc tests were used as appropriate (structural or non-structural).
Results: The results of the study showed that the level of structural, non-structural, and total safety for the physical space of the centers was 48.2%, 37.4%, and 43%, respectively. Accordingly, based on cutting points, the level of structural safety and total safety was identified as moderate, and the level of non-structural safety was identified as low. In addition, descriptive results showed that there is a statistically significant relationship between urban area and non-structural safety so that non-structural safety of centers located in zone 4 was significantly higher than the safety of centers located in zone 10 (P = 0.011).
Conclusions: Based on the findings, the safety status of Tabriz health centers was identified as unfavorable and will not able to provide proper services to their covering population in serious hazards.
