Objective (s): Addiction (substance addiction) is considered as one of the health issues which can influence physical, emotional and social aspects of people’s life and impose psychosocial problems for their families and communities. Accordingly, this study aimed to investigate the relationship between religiosity and ethical foundations with substance abuse tendency among young female students in Tehran, Iran.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on a sample of female students aged 15 to 18 years in Tehran, Iran. Statistical population consisted of 241 girls who were selected with systematic non-probability sampling and available in the first semester of academic year in 2019-2020 and respond to three questionnaires including the Ethical Foundations Scale and the Addiction Tendency Scale and the Religiosity Scale. Spearman correlation coefficient and regression were used to analyze the data using SPSS software.
Results: The results obtained from the analysis showed that religiosity and moral foundations with substance abuse tendency significant were correlated (p<0.01). In addition, the findings showed that religiosity and moral foundations predicted a total of 17% of changes to substance abuse among girls. Furthermore, among subscales of the religiosity, the outcome of being a Muslim (r = - 0.35) and among the subscales of moral foundations, loyalty to a group (- = 0.28) had the most significant relationship.
Conclusion: The finding suggest that religiosity and moral foundations can play a major role in reducing high-risk behaviors, especially addiction, in adolescent girls.

Objective(s): Investigating performance indicators is one of the most important components for the evaluation of health care and treatment outcomes in hospitals. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance indicators of the teaching and non-teaching hospitals in West Azerbaijan province, Iran and compare these with the standard indicators of the Ministry of Health.
Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional descriptive study in 2019. The statistical population included all hospitals of West Azarbaijan province (22 teaching hospitals affiliated with Urmia University of Medical Sciences) and 8 non-teaching hospitals). The standard checklist of the Ministry of Health was used to record information and calculate performance indicators of hospitals. The data were analyzed using Excel 2016 and SPSS₂₂ software.
Results: In terms of the bed occupancy ratio index, 32% of teaching hospitals in the province were in desirable condition, 18% in average condition, and 50% in undesirable condition. However, 100% of teaching hospitals that located in the center of the province were in desirable condition. While this index in non-teaching hospitals was desirable at 25%, average at 25%, and undesirable at 50%. In terms of the patient stay, 77% favorable, 5% average, and 18% undesirable in teaching hospitals, and 87.5% desirable and 12.5% undesirable in non-teaching hospitals. Also, 95% of teaching hospitals and 100% of non-teaching hospitals were in the desirable condition in terms of the patient admission per bed.
Conclusion: The condition of hospitals in West Azarbaijan province in terms of the bed occupancy ratio index of most teaching hospitals and in terms of the index of average patient stay and the index of the ratio of patient admission per bed, and most of thenNon-teaching hospitals were in a desirable condition. To improve the performance indicators further, new planning and policies are recommended.

Objective(s): The "pre-marriage education program" is one of the strategies to strengthen the family foundation in Iran. The present study was carried out with the support of the Iran Ministry of Health and Medical Education to evaluate this program. This paper presents the results obtained on knowledge and satisfaction of couples.
Methods: This was an interventional study on a sample of couples participating in a pre-marriage education program. The intervention was offered via in-person and virtual (online and offline) aproaches. Ninety-six centers of pre-marriage education through country were selected by simple random sampling. A convince sample of 15 couples (15 men and 15 women) was thought for each center. Data was collected by two questionnaires and analyzed using the SPSS-18 software.
Results: A total of 2868 people were entered into the study. Pre-marriage education led to an increase in knowledge. The mean score of knowledge changed from 8.78 (SD = 1.693) to 9.34 (SD = 1.639) (P<0.001). The results showed that education has led to a statistically significant increase in the knowledge score of people who participated in in-person and online classes, while offline classes had no effect on increasing the knowledge of couples. Education increased knowledge of employed and unemployed people at all educational levels. Education also increased knowledge in most age groups, but it had no effect on the age group of 46-55 years. Most participants (87.1%) had "high and very high satisfaction" with timing, and overall satisfaction by 90.3% reported as high and very high. About 60% of people reported that the duration of the classes was appropriate. Overall satisfaction of women were more than men. Younger age groups had higher overall satisfaction than other age groups. The satisfaction of the unemployed was more than employed couples. People with higher education had the highest overall satisfaction with the program.
Conclusion: The results showed that the "pre-marriage education program" in achieving short-term goals was successful. Evaluating the effect of the program on long-term goals (such as the effect on marriage outcomes) requires a different study design.
 

Objective (s): Prenatal care is essential for the birth of healthy babies and the maintenance of mothers' health. This study was conducted to explore the experiences of mothers regarding prenatal care at the Sureshjan Health Center.
Methods: This was a qualitative study using conventional analysis of the data. The study population consisted of 20 pregnant women from Sureshjan, Chaharmahal, and Bakhtiari province. A semi-structure in-depth interviews conducted to collect the data. Interviews continued until data saturation. The data were analyzed using an inductive method that involved open coding, category creation, and abstraction.
Results: The results showed that participants pay serious attention to prenatal care and see it as a vital necessity for that period. The following three categories emerged from the analysis: maintaining and promoting maternal health, supporting fetal health, and maternal care literacy.
Conclusion: The pregnant mothers were aware of the importance of prenatal care and considered it necessary to maintain their health and the fetus, as well as to learn important skills related to pregnancy and infancy.

Objective(s): The pre-marriage education program started in Iran in 1993. The present study had several main goals, and this article deals with the results of two objectives, including the assessment of pre-marriage education centers and assessment of the instructors' satisfaction with the program.
Methods: The study was cross-sectional. Ninety-six centers were selected by simple random sampling, and instructors of selected centers included in the study by census method. Data were analyzed using SPSS-18 software.
Results: The mean of overall satisfaction score of instructors with the "pre-marriage education program" was 20.56 (SD=3.753). The instructors were satisfied or very satisfied, including 88.4% with the content of textbooks, 70.1% with the regular holding of retraining courses, 96.2% with the cooperation with the center, 98.2% with the behavior of colleagues, and 98% with the center authorities management for holding classes. The instructors were dissatisfied or very dissatisfied, including 60.6% with the paid amount for instruction and 51% with the timely payment. There was no significant relationship between the overall satisfaction with age, gender, marital status, education, and duration of the instruction experience. A significant relationship was between overall satisfaction with the level of education (p=0.012), employment relationship with the center (p=0.014), and the type of class (p<0.001). Thus, instructors with master education were the most, and instructors with bachelor education were the least satisfied with the program. Official instructors had the least, and contract instructors had the most satisfaction. The instructors of the "reproductive and sexual health course" were the least, and the instructors of the "ethics and laws course" were the most satisfied with the program. The results of the evaluation of centers showed that more than 80% of the centers were in good condition in terms of lighting, heating system, and the appropriate seat numbers for participants in each class. About 70-80% of centers were in favorable condition in terms of the appropriate number of classes, adequate ventilation, the fitness of educational facilities with needs, and adequate physical space for classes. Only 50-70% of the centers were in good condition in terms of cooling system, and access to the necessary infrastructure for online classes.
Conclusion: The promotion of the pre-marriage education program requires the development of the necessary infrastructure and the improvement of the welfare conditions of the instructors. We hope that the results of the present study can help the policy-makers of the health system to improve the monitoring of program.

Objective(s): Logbook is an important tool for learning, monitoring and evaluating students' periodic activities during their internship. According to the revised curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion, the present study was conducted with the aim of development an educational logbook.
According to the revision of the curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion, the present study was conducted to design an educational logbook for the internship course of the master's degree in health education and health promotion.
Methods: This developmental study was conducted using the Delphi technique from 2018 to 2022 in the form of 10 face-to-face and 3 virtual meetings. In this research, the participation of specialized board members, heads of department, faculty members and students of medical sciences universities of the country was used with the convenience sampling method. At first, the chapters of internships were extracted according to the curriculum of the master's degree in health education and health promotion and analyzed based on Bloom's classification in three cognitive, attitudinal, and behavioral domains, and then the intended activities were designed.
Results: In this research, 39 activities in the 5 fields (according to the approved curriculum) were compiled as activities needed by students in the form of a log book. 11 activities were determined for comprehensive health service centers, 10 activities for media, 7 activities for workplaces, 7 activities for community and 4 activities in the areas of needs assessment, development, implementation and evaluation.
Conclusion: According to the designed log book, it is expected the end of internship, the students will learn the different stages of an educational intervention, including needs assessment; Practice design, implementation or evaluation according to any internship environment or field and improve their abilities.

Objective(s): One of the most common problems of nursing students in the clinical environment and Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE), is anxiety and lack of accuracy, which can lead to negative effects on their learning and performance. Considering the simplicity and cost-effectiveness of aromatherapy, the present study aims to the effect of lavender aromatherapy on the accuracy, exam anxiety, and performance of nursing students in OSCE.
Methods: This clinical trial study was conducted on 60 undergraduate nursing students under the OSCE in 2022. Eligible students who met inclusion criteria were recruited by convenience sampling and then were allocated randomly with the random sequence generation software, to intervention (n=30) and control groups (n=30). The intervention included aromatherapy with lavender essential oil with 100% purity for 10 minutes. Toulouse- Pieron Attention questionnaire, Sarason's test anxiety, and performance checklist were used in this study. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods by SPSS version 26 statistical software.
Results: The results indicated a significant decrease in the average exam anxiety score with P = 0.03 and a significant improvement in accuracy with P < 0.001 after aromatherapy in the intervention group. Also, the results of the independent t-test showed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference in the average exam anxiety score with P = 0.02 and accuracy with P < 0.001 between the intervention and control groups. Meanwhile, the average performance score of the students' grades was not significant between the two groups.
Conclusion: Considering the positive effects of inhaling the scent of lavender in improving the accuracy and reducing the anxiety of the nursing students' exam, the use of this low-cost program, with easy access and without complications, is recommended along with other methods.