fa بررسی میزان مشارکت اجتماعی، موانع و عوامل مرتبط با آن در سالمندان استان مازندران سلامت همگانی Public Health توصیفی Descriptive <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:12px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">مقدمه:</span></span></span></b> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">باتوجه به رشد سریع جمعیت سالمند کشور، لزوم توجه به </span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">مشارکت‌اجتماعی</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> به‌عنوان یکی از ارکان </span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">تعیین</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">‌</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">کننده</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">‌</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">سلامت</span></span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">و قابل اصلاح</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> در </span></span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin=""><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">فرایند سالمندی فعال اهمیت زیادی دارد. مطالعه حاضر با هدف<span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"> تعیین </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">میزان مشارکت اجتماعی، علل و موانع </span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">اثرگذار</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> بر آن در سالمندان </span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">مازندرانی</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt"> انجام شده‌است</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="letter-spacing:-.2pt">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="">مواد و روش:</span></span></b> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">دراین</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">مطالعه توصیفی</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">-</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> تحلیلی، </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">۴۲۱ نفر</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> از سالمندان </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">بالای۶۰ سال مازندرانی</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> ب</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">ا رو</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">ش نمونه</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">گیری تصادفی طبقه</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">ای و خوشه</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">ای انتخاب شدند</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">.</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> ابزار </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">جمع‌آوری</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">اطلاعات </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">فرم </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">جمعیت‌شناختی، پرسشنامه محقق‌ساخته</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> مشارکت اجتماعی</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> سالمندان و موانع مشارکت اجتماعی </span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle31" new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">بو</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">د. داده</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">ها توسط نرم‌افزار </span></span></span></span></span><span class="fontstyle31" new="" roman="" times=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span dir="LTR">SPSS</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">و با استفاده از</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">آزمون</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">های آماری تی</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">مستقل، آنالیز واریانس</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">یکطرفه، ضریب همبستگی پیرسون و رگرسیون تجزیه</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">و تحلیل در سطح معنی‌داری </span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">شد</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="">یافته‌ها:</span></span></b> <span b="" class="fontstyle01" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"><span style="font-weight:normal">میانگین</span></span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> سنی سالمندان </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">(۸/۸۱</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">)</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">۷۲/۵۵ و</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">میانگین نمره مشارکت‌اجتماعی سالمندان (۱۱/۸۱)۲۲/۸۷ بود. بیشترین میزان مشارکت مربوط به بعد فرهنگی- مذهبی مشارکت&nbsp; با (۴/۴۶)۸/۴۳ وکمترین میزان آن، مربوط به بعد سیاسی مشارکت (۲/۴۴)۳/۷۶ بود.</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">خارج‌از‌دسترس‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">بودن (۸۶/۷ درصد)، نبودن فعالیت‌و‌امکانات ‌فیزیکی در محل</span></span> <span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">(۸۳/۶ درصد)، بی</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">حوصلگی(۸۳/۱ درصد)، هزینه</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">ها (۸۲/۷ درصد) و بیماری</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">ها و مشکلات سلامتی (۸۰ درصد) به</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">ترتیب مهمترین موانع مشارکت‌اجتماعی سالمندان </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">بودند. مردان سالمند با سن پایین</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">تر، شاغل و دارای تحصیلات</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌ </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">دانشگاهی بطور معنی‌داری مشارکت اجتماعی بهتری داشتند</span></span>. <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">براساس تحلیل رگرسیون </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">۵۹</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin=""> درصد</span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">از واریانس</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">مشارکت اجتماعی توسط متغیرهای سن، تحصیلات</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA"> و</span></span></span></span></span> <span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">جنسیت تبیین شد.</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle01" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:bold"><span style="font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt" lang="AR-SA"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" times=""><b><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="">نتیجه‌گیری</span></span></b><span lang="FA"><span b="" nazanin="">: </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">از آنجایی که میزان مشارکت اجتماعی سالمندان مازندرانی پایین بود، به نظر می رسد </span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">سیاست</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">‌</span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">گذاری و </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">طراحی برنامه‌های جامع </span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">و </span></span></span></span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">ایجاد بستر مناسب </span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">برای جهت کاهش </span></span><span b="" class="fontstyle21" nazanin=""><span style="color:black"><span style="font-weight:normal"><span style="font-style:normal"><span lang="AR-SA">موانع</span></span></span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin=""> همچون افزایش </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">امکانات </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">و </span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">فعالیت</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌ها، تفریحی و سرگرمی، دردسترس بودن فعالیت‌ها، بهبود درآمد و مدیریت بیماری</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">‌</span></span><span lang="AR-SA"><span b="" nazanin="">ها با در نظر گرفتن سایر عوامل مرتبط مهم ضروری است.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Objective (s):</strong> Due to the rapid growth of the country&#39;s elderly population, the need to pay attention to social participation as one of the determinants of health and modifiable in the process of active aging is very important. Thus, the aim of study was to determine the level of social participation, barriers, and related factors in the elderly people of Mazandaran province, Iran.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> In this descriptive-study, 421 elderly people over 60 years old in Mazandaran province were selected by stratified and cluster random sampling. The data collection tools were a demographic characteristics questionnaire, a researcher-made questionnaire of social participation, and the Social Participation Barriers. Data were analyzed by SPSS v24 using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient, and linear regression at a significant level of P<0.05.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> The mean age of the samples was 72.55 (8.81) years, and the mean score of social participation was 22.87)11.81(. The highest level of participation was related to the cultural-religious dimension 8.43)4.46) and the lowest level was related to the political activity dimension 3.76(2.44).&nbsp; Being out of reach (86.7%), lack of physical accessibility of activity and facilities (83.6%), impatience (83.1%), costs and financial problems (82.7%), and diseases and health problems (80%) were respectively the most important barriers to social participation. The male elderly with low age, employed, and college-educated had significantly better scores of social participation (P<0.05). According to the regression analysis, 59% of the variance of social participation was explained by age, education, and gender.<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> The social participation level of the elderly in Mazandaran was low. Therefore, the need for policy-making and the design of comprehensive programs, and developing a proper environment to reduce barriers, seems important to improve social participation in elderly.<br> &nbsp;</div> مشارکت اجتماعی, موانع, سالمند. Social Participation, barriers, elderly. 183 196 http://payeshjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-834-1&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 Maryam KhazaeePool مریم خزائی پول khazaie_m@yahoo.com 100319475328460018056 100319475328460018056 No School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران Seyed Abolhassan Naghibi سید ابوالحسن نقیبی anaghibi1345@yahoo.com 100319475328460018057 100319475328460018057 Yes School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran دانشکده بهداشت، مرکز تحقیقات علوم بهداشتی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مازندران، ساری، ایران